antipyretikum

Antipyretikum, or antipyretic, refers to a substance that reduces fever (pyrexia). These drugs act primarily on the brain’s temperature-regulation center in the hypothalamus and inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, notably prostaglandin E2, which raises the body’s set point during fever. By lowering this set point, body temperature decreases and fever symptoms subside. Most antipyretics also provide some analgesia.

Common antipyretics include acetaminophen (paracetamol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Aspirin is another antipyretic in this class, but it is used with caution, especially in children and teenagers due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome after viral infections. The choice of agent depends on factors such as age, medical history, and potential interactions with other medications.

Uses and limitations: antipyretics are used to reduce fever and often to relieve mild to moderate pain. They do not treat the underlying infection or cause of fever. They are typically taken when fever causes discomfort or complicates existing conditions, and they should be used according to dosing guidelines.

Safety and cautions: acetaminophen can cause severe liver injury at high doses or with chronic use; NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, kidney problems, and may affect blood pressure or cardiovascular risk. NSAIDs are typically avoided in certain kidney or heart conditions, and aspirin is generally avoided in children with viral illnesses. Always follow dosing instructions and consider potential drug interactions. If fever persists beyond a few days or is accompanied by serious symptoms, seek medical evaluation.