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An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel, typically an artery. It occurs when the vessel wall weakens and dilates, allowing blood to pool within the affected area. Aneurysms can develop in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in the aorta (the main artery carrying blood from the heart), the brain, and the arteries in the legs.

Aneurysms are classified based on their location and shape. The most common types include:

- **Saccular aneurysms**, which are small, berry-like bulges often found in the brain.

- **Fusiform aneurysms**, which are symmetrical, spindle-shaped dilations that affect the entire circumference of the artery.

- **Dissecting aneurysms**, where a tear in the artery wall allows blood to flow between the layers of the vessel wall, causing it to separate.

Risk factors for developing an aneurysm include high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), smoking, genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and trauma. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the aneurysm. For example, a cerebral aneurysm may cause severe headaches, nausea, or neurological deficits, while an abdominal aortic aneurysm might not produce symptoms until it ruptures, leading to sudden, severe pain and potentially life-threatening bleeding.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment depends on the size, location, and risk of rupture. Small aneurysms may be monitored with regular imaging, while larger or high-risk aneurysms often require surgical intervention, such as clipping (for cerebral aneurysms) or endovascular repair (for aortic aneurysms).

Prevention focuses on managing risk factors, including controlling blood pressure, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Early detection and treatment are critical, as ruptured aneurysms can be fatal. Regular medical check-ups, especially for individuals with known risk factors, are essential for identifying aneurysms before complications arise.