analfissurer

Analfissurer is a term used to describe a person who has an anal fissure, a small tear in the lining of the anal canal (the anoderm). Anal fissures most often occur in the posterior midline and can cause pain and bleeding during bowel movements.

Anal fissures are commonly caused by trauma to the anal canal from hard stools, constipation, or diarrhea. Other risk factors include childbirth, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic coughing, and anal intercourse. Fissures can be acute, lasting days to weeks, or chronic, persisting for more than several weeks and sometimes requiring further evaluation.

Symptoms typically include sharp pain with bowel movements, which may linger for minutes afterward, along with bright red blood on stool or toilet paper. A visible tear can often be seen on examination; anoscopy or digital rectal examination may be used in evaluation. Chronic fissures can be associated with skin tags or other signs that prompt assessment for underlying conditions.

Treatment emphasizes symptom relief and healing. First-line management includes a high-fiber diet with adequate fluids, stool softeners if needed, and warm sitz baths several times daily. Topical analgesics may be used for pain. Vasodilator topicals such as nitroglycerin or calcium channel blockers help by relaxing the anal sphincter. In cases that do not respond, botulinum toxin injections or surgical lateral internal sphincterotomy may be considered.

Most acute anal fissures heal within a few weeks with conservative care. Chronic or recurrent fissures may require ongoing medical therapy or surgical intervention. Prevention focuses on maintaining soft stools, avoiding straining, good perianal hygiene, and managing contributing conditions like constipation or inflammatory bowel disease.