akule

Akule is the Hawaiian name for several species of jackfish in the family Carangidae, most notably the yellowtail jack that forms large schools in nearshore waters around Hawaii.

Taxonomy and naming: In Hawaii, akule refers to jacks within Carangidae. The term is used for multiple closely related species, with the yellowtail jack being the best known example in local usage.

Description: Akule are medium-sized, laterally compressed fish with a silvery body and a distinctive yellow tail. They are fast swimmers and commonly travel in dense, coordinated schools, especially near reef edges and open bays.

Habitat and distribution: In Hawaii, akule inhabit shallow coastal waters, reef flats, and channels. They are often seen in schooling bursts that move with the tides and can be found around drop-offs and other structuring features in nearshore habitats.

Diet and ecology: Akule feed primarily on small fish, crustaceans, and squid. They serve as mid-level predators within reef and nearshore ecosystems and are themselves prey for larger predatory fish and seabirds.

Reproduction and life cycle: Reproduction involves pelagic eggs and larvae, with spawning occurring in warmer waters. Individuals may spawn multiple times a year, and juveniles use nearshore nurseries before migrating to adult habitats.

Human use and cultural significance: Akule are an important food source in Hawaii, utilized by subsistence and commercial fisheries. They are sold fresh, salted, or canned and feature in local cuisine. The species also hold a place in Hawaiian fishing culture and lore.

Conservation and management: Akule stocks in Hawaiian waters are generally robust, but local declines can occur from overfishing or habitat degradation. Fisheries management may include size and catch limits or area closures to protect juvenile fish and habitat.