affair

An affair is a relationship or involvement that falls outside a primary, exclusive partnership, typically referring to a romantic or sexual relationship with someone other than a spouse or long-term partner. The term is also used in broader senses to denote a matter or event of public interest, such as a political affair or current affairs. The word originates from Old French afaire meaning business or matter, via Middle English.

In personal contexts, affairs can undermine trust and stability within families or partnerships. They often involve secrecy and deceptive behavior, though motivations vary and may include emotional dissatisfaction, sexual unmet needs, opportunity, or personal circumstances. Outcomes range from forgiveness and reconciliation to separation or divorce; effects can be emotional, financial, and legal.

When used publicly, 'affair' can denote an event or issue requiring attention, or a set of interactions among organizations or states. Examples include diplomatic affairs, corporate affairs, or current affairs in journalism. The phrase affairs of state is used to describe the management of national governance.

Legal and ethical dimensions vary by jurisdiction. In some places adultery is grounds for divorce or civil liability; in others it is a private matter not punishable by law. Privacy, consent, and power dynamics are central concerns in evaluating an affair, particularly when one person holds others' trust or authority.

Across cultures, perceptions of affairs are shaped by norms about marriage, sexuality, and gender. Researchers and clinicians note that addressing the harms often involves clear communication, counseling, and boundary-setting rather than moralizing judgments.