acetylcystein

Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication and supplement derived from the amino acid cysteine. It is primarily used as a mucolytic agent to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up, which is beneficial in conditions such as chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and pneumonia.

Medically, acetylcysteine is also employed as an antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, where it helps to replenish glutathione levels in the liver and detoxify harmful metabolites. It can be administered orally, intravenously, or via inhalation, depending on the clinical situation.

Pharmacologically, acetylcysteine works by breaking disulfide bonds within mucus glycoproteins, reducing mucus viscosity. Its antioxidant properties also contribute to reducing oxidative stress, which has led to its investigation in various other conditions, including chronic respiratory diseases and certain mental health issues.

As a supplement, acetylcysteine is sometimes used for its potential health benefits, including support for liver health, antioxidant support, and respiratory health, although evidence for some of these uses varies.

Common side effects of acetylcysteine may include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Allergic reactions are rare but can occur. When used as a medication, especially in overdose management, appropriate medical supervision is essential.

Overall, acetylcysteine is a versatile agent with important roles in medical treatment, mainly for respiratory conditions and acetaminophen poisoning, and as a supplement with antioxidant properties.