replenish

Replenish is a verb meaning to restore something to its previous level or to refill what has been consumed. It implies restoration rather than creation from nothing, and it is used for tangible items such as groceries or fuel, as well as for abstract assets like data, confidence, or energy.

Etymology: From re- "again" + plenish, from Old French replenir, from Latin plenus "full". The word has been in English since the Middle English period and has broadened to a variety of domains.

In commerce and logistics, to replenish stock means to replace sold goods to maintain inventory levels and ensure availability. In natural resources and ecology, replenishment refers to processes that restore populations, habitats, or mineral resources, either through natural growth or deliberate intervention. In nutrition, to replenish fluids, electrolytes, or nutrients after exercise, illness, or heat exposure is common, often via beverages, soups, or supplements. In computing, replenishment can describe refreshing caches, connection pools, or energy in virtual environments; in asset management it can denote restocking or renewing materials. Replenishment strategies aim to minimize stockouts, reduce waste, and optimize cost by forecasting demand and aligning procurement with consumption.

The related noun replenishment and the verb replenish are commonly used across industries; related terms include replenish, restock, refill, and renew.