acaricide

An acaricide is a pesticide or biopesticide designed to kill mites and ticks, collectively known as acarine pests. They are used in agriculture to protect crops, in veterinary medicine to treat or prevent mite infestations in companion and farm animals, and in stored-product protection to guard against mite damage. Acaricides may be selective for certain mites or effective against a broad range of species, and some are formulated for contact, ingestion, or systemic action.

Chemical classes commonly used as acaricides include organophosphates and carbamates (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors), pyrethroids (sodium-channel disruptors), and amitraz (an octopamine receptor agonist). Other widely used groups include macrocyclic lactones such as ivermectin and milbemycin, which affect parasite nerve and muscle function, as well as newer chemistries and natural or botanical products with acaricidal activity. Some products rely on biological control agents or microbial toxins, and integrated pest management often combines chemical and non-chemical approaches.

Applications span beekeeping for Varroa mites, poultry farming for red mites, and veterinary care for mites causing mange or ear infections in dogs and cats. In crops, acaricides target spider mites and other phytophagous mites that reduce yields. Household use exists for dust mites and storage mites, though regulatory restrictions and safety concerns shape the available products and usage instructions.

Safety, resistance, and regulation are ongoing considerations. Acaricides can pose risks to humans, pets, beneficial predators, and the environment if misused. Mite populations can develop resistance with repeated use, making resistance management essential: rotate modes of action, adhere to label instructions, and integrate non-chemical controls where feasible. Regulatory approvals and withdrawal requirements vary by country and target species.