Zitperiode

Zitperiode is a term used to describe the period during which an individual experiences acne outbreaks. It can begin in adolescence and may continue into adulthood. During zitperiode the skin develops blemishes such as whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, and sometimes nodules or cysts, most often on the face but also on the chest and back.

Causes and triggers: The most common drivers are hormonal changes, particularly during puberty, the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy, as well as genetic susceptibility and increased sebum production. Follicular keratinization can clog pores, while Cutibacterium acnes bacteria contribute to inflammation. External factors such as certain medications, cosmetics, stress, and a high glycemic load may worsen symptoms.

Pathophysiology: Acne starts with blockage of pilosebaceous units, leading to accumulation of sebum and keratin debris. Bacterial growth and immune response cause inflammation, manifesting as various lesion types ranging from comedones to inflammatory nodules.

Diagnosis and classification: Diagnosis is clinical, based on lesion types and distribution. Acne is typically classified as mild, moderate, or severe, guiding treatment choices. Secondary conditions with similar appearances are considered if lesions are unusual or persistent.

Management and treatment: Skincare measures include gentle cleansing and non-comedogenic products. For many people, over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or topical retinoids are effective. For moderate to severe cases, topical or oral antibiotics may be used; hormonal therapy may help certain females. Isotretinoin is reserved for severe nodulocystic acne or when other treatments fail. Long-term management aims to reduce lesion production and prevent scarring, not just treat active breakouts.

Prognosis and prevention: Zitperiode often improves with age, though recurrences are common. Preventive steps include consistent skincare, non-comedogenic cosmetics, avoiding squeezing lesions, and managing triggers such as stress and diet. Regular follow-up with a clinician can optimize therapy and minimize scarring.