Zecke

Zecke is the German name for ticks, small arachnids in the subclass Acari and the order Ixodida. They include hard ticks (Ixodidae) and soft ticks (Argasidae). Ticks are obligate ectoparasites that feed on the blood of vertebrates, including mammals, birds and reptiles. They do not fly or jump; they quest on vegetation and latch onto passing hosts.

Life cycle: Most species have a four-stage life cycle—egg, larva, nymph and adult. Each mobile stage requires a blood meal to molt. Females engorge, then lay eggs. Pathogen transmission generally requires a prolonged attachment, often 24–72 hours, though this varies by species and pathogen.

Distribution and ecology: Ticks occur worldwide and favor humid, vegetated habitats such as forests and grasslands. In temperate zones, they are most active in spring and early summer; some species are active in mild winters. Tick densities depend on host abundance and climate.

Public health relevance: Ticks are vectors for pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Lyme borreliosis), tick-borne encephalitis virus, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia species. Disease presentations range from localized rashes to fever, meningitis or severe systemic illness if untreated.

Prevention and removal: Reduce exposure by avoiding tick habitats, wearing long sleeves and pants, using repellents containing DEET and permethrin-treated clothing. After outdoor activity, perform thorough body checks and remove attached ticks promptly with fine-tipped tweezers, pulling upward and away from the skin. Clean the bite site and seek medical advice if symptoms develop.