Zamenhof
Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, commonly known as Zamenhof, was a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist and linguist who created Esperanto, an international auxiliary language. He was born on December 15, 1859, in Białystok, then part of the Russian Empire (now Poland), and died April 14, 1917, in Warsaw. He lived in a multilingual, multiethnic city where Polish, Russian, Yiddish, and German were spoken.
Motivation and early work: Zamenhof grew up amid ethnic tension between Poles, Russians, Germans, and Jews in
Esperanto's creation and features: In 1887, he published Unua Libro under the pseudonym Doktoro Esperanto, introducing
Movement and legacy: The Esperanto movement grew rapidly, with international congresses beginning in 1905 (Boulogne-sur-Mer) and
Zamenhof died in 1917 in Warsaw; his ideas continue through the Esperanto community and organizations and through