Yhdistelmäpilleri

Yhdistelmäpilleri, also known as the combined oral contraceptive pill, is a type of birth control that contains two hormones: estrogen and a progestogen. These hormones work together to prevent pregnancy primarily by stopping the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. They also thicken the cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg, and thin the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant.

The pill is taken daily at the same time to maintain consistent hormone levels in the body. Most combined pills come in packs of 21 or 28 pills. For 21-day packs, users take one pill each day for three weeks and then have a seven-day break, during which they experience a withdrawal bleed. For 28-day packs, users take active pills for three weeks and then placebo (inactive) pills for one week, which also results in a withdrawal bleed. Extended-cycle pills are also available, where active pills are taken for longer periods to reduce the frequency of periods.

The effectiveness of the combined pill is very high when used correctly, with a failure rate of less than 1% per year. However, typical use effectiveness is lower due to factors like missed pills or late restarts. Besides preventing pregnancy, combined pills can also regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps and bleeding, and improve acne.

Possible side effects can include nausea, breast tenderness, headaches, weight changes, and mood changes. More serious, though rare, risks include blood clots, stroke, and heart attack, particularly in women with certain risk factors. It is important to consult a healthcare professional to determine if the combined pill is a suitable and safe option.