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XYY syndrome, also known as Jacob's syndrome or 47,XYY, is a genetic condition that affects males. It occurs when a male is born with an extra Y chromosome, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. The chromosomal makeup is therefore XYY. This condition is not inherited; it occurs randomly during the formation of reproductive cells in a parent.

Individuals with XYY syndrome typically have normal male sexual development and do not exhibit distinct physical characteristics. They are often diagnosed incidentally during genetic testing for other reasons or when experiencing developmental delays. Common features, though not present in all individuals, can include taller stature, particularly in adolescence, and potentially increased risk of learning difficulties or behavioral issues such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder. However, many individuals with XYY syndrome lead healthy and fulfilling lives without significant medical problems or behavioral challenges.

The diagnosis is confirmed through a karyotype test, which analyzes an individual's chromosomes. There is no cure for XYY syndrome, as it is a genetic condition. However, supportive interventions such as educational support, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral therapy can be beneficial for those who experience developmental delays or behavioral issues. Fertility is generally unaffected, and men with XYY syndrome can usually have children. Awareness and understanding of XYY syndrome are important for providing appropriate support and dispelling myths associated with the condition.