Woodcreeper

Woodcreeper refers to a group of Neotropical birds in the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae, within the ovenbird family Furnariidae. They are medium-sized insectivores that forage by creeping along tree trunks and branches, probing bark crevices with their slender, slightly curved bills. Their tails are often relatively stiff, providing support as they move vertically across trunks.

Distribution and habitat

Woodcreepers are native to the Americas, from Mexico through Central America and across much of South America. They occur in a range of forested habitats, including tropical and subtropical forests, cloud forests, and secondary growth, from lowlands to montane regions.

Description

Plumage is typically brown, rufous, or olive with varying amounts of streaking or speckling on the underparts. Many species have cryptic coloration that blends with bark. Bills are adapted for probing crevices, and several species show subtle facial markings that aid individual or species recognition.

Behavior and diet

Woodcreepers forage mainly for insects and other invertebrates, creeping slowly along trunks and branches and occasionally gleaning from bark. They may occur singly, in pairs, or in small flocks, and often join mixed-species foraging groups. Some species probe deeply into crevices to extract larvae, while others pick exposed prey on the surface.

Breeding

Nesting typically occurs in tree cavities or holes, though some species use crevices or abandoned snags. Clutch size is generally small, commonly 2–3 eggs, with both parents participating in incubation and care of the young.

Conservation

Most woodcreeper species are of least concern, but a few with restricted ranges or specialized habitat requirements face threats from deforestation and habitat degradation. Ongoing forest loss in the Neotropics can impact local populations.