Virtsahäviö

Virtsahäviö, also known as urinary incontinence, is the involuntary loss of urine. It is a common condition that can affect people of all ages, though it is more prevalent in women and older adults. There are several types of urinary incontinence, including stress incontinence, urge incontinence, mixed incontinence, overflow incontinence, and functional incontinence.

Stress incontinence occurs when physical activity like coughing, sneezing, or exercising puts pressure on the bladder. Urge incontinence, also known as overactive bladder, is characterized by a sudden, strong urge to urinate that is difficult to control. Mixed incontinence is a combination of stress and urge incontinence. Overflow incontinence happens when the bladder does not empty completely, leading to dribbling. Functional incontinence is when a physical or mental impairment prevents a person from reaching the toilet in time.

The causes of urinary incontinence are varied and can include weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, urinary tract infections, certain medications, constipation, and underlying medical conditions such as diabetes or neurological disorders. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and sometimes urine tests or bladder function studies.

Treatment options depend on the type and severity of incontinence. They may include lifestyle changes like fluid management and dietary adjustments, pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegels), bladder training, medication, or medical devices. In some cases, surgery may be considered. While urinary incontinence can significantly impact quality of life, it is often treatable or manageable with appropriate medical intervention.