exercising

Exercising refers to planned, structured physical activity undertaken to improve or maintain physical fitness, health, or performance. It is intentional and repetitive, with a goal such as increasing endurance, strength, or flexibility, and is distinct from incidental movement or sporadic activity.

Broadly, exercise is categorized into aerobic or endurance activities (such as walking, running, cycling, swimming), resistance or strength training (using bands, weights, or body weight), flexibility and mobility work (stretching, yoga), and balance or neuromotor training (stability exercises, tai chi). Many programs combine elements from multiple categories.

Regular exercise yields numerous health benefits. It improves cardiovascular and metabolic health, supports healthy body weight, strengthens bones and muscles, and enhances mood and sleep. It can reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, and may improve cognitive function and quality of life.

Guidelines commonly cited for adults advise at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week, plus at least two days of strength training for all major muscle groups. More health benefits typically accompany higher activity levels. Children and adolescents should accumulate about 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity daily, including muscle- and bone-strengthening activities several times per week. Any physical activity is better than none.

Safety and planning considerations include a proper warm-up and cool-down, gradual progression of intensity, attention to technique, hydration, and reasonable rest. Individuals with medical conditions or disabilities should tailor activity to their abilities and seek professional advice as needed. Exercises can be adapted to different environments and abilities, including at home with minimal equipment.