Vesikaivo

Vesikaivo is a water well used to obtain groundwater for domestic use, common in Finland and other Nordic regions. It can be dug or drilled, depending on geology and depth. Dug wells are shallow and usually lined with stone, brick, or concrete rings; they tap into near-surface aquifers and are often protected with a lid or cover. Drilled wells are deeper, constructed with steel or PVC casing and a concrete seal, and are equipped with a pump, storage tank, and piping.

Water quality from vesikaivo depends on the surrounding geology and surface influence. Shallow wells are more exposed to surface contamination from run-off, livestock, or septic systems, and require regular testing of water quality. Deep drilled wells generally yield higher or more stable water but still need periodic testing. If contaminants or poor taste, odor, or microbial indicators are detected, treatment options include filtration, sediment removal, and disinfection or chlorine treatment, or even boiling for drinking water.

Maintenance involves keeping the wellhead clean and protected, ensuring the cap and vent are intact, and maintaining the pumping system. The area around the well should be free of pollutants, drainage should be directed away, and access restricted to prevent contamination. Water testing is typically recommended annually or after unusual events. In many places, vesikaivo is used alongside or as a supplement to municipal water, and its construction and use are governed by local regulations and professional standards to ensure safety.