Verruculose lesions are often associated with viral infections, most commonly caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). These viruses are highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with infected skin or surfaces. Common types of verruculose include cutaneous warts (e.g., common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts), as well as genital warts, which occur in the anogenital region. Less frequently, verruculose can manifest as respiratory papillomatosis, affecting the larynx or trachea, particularly in children.
The appearance of verruculose growths varies depending on the type and location. Cutaneous warts are usually raised, rough-surfaced, and may have a cauliflower-like texture. They can be flesh-colored, brown, or black, depending on the virus strain and skin tone. Genital warts, on the other hand, tend to be softer and may appear as small, flesh-colored bumps or larger, cauliflower-like clusters. Respiratory papillomatosis often presents as recurrent growths in the airway, potentially leading to breathing difficulties.
Diagnosis of verruculose typically involves a visual examination by a healthcare professional, though biopsy or molecular testing may be used to confirm the presence of HPV or rule out other conditions. Treatment options vary but may include topical medications (such as salicylic acid or imiquimod), cryotherapy, laser therapy, or surgical removal. In some cases, particularly with recurrent or severe infections, antiviral or immune-modulating therapies may be recommended.
Prevention of verruculose involves avoiding direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces, maintaining good hygiene, and using protective measures (such as condoms) during sexual activity. Vaccination against certain high-risk HPV strains can also reduce the risk of developing genital warts and related complications. While verruculose is generally not life-threatening, prompt medical evaluation is advised to prevent complications or transmission to others.