Uretaalitulehdukset

Uretaalitulehdukset, also known as urinary tract infections (UTIs), are infections that occur in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), that enter the urinary tract through the urethra. The most common type of UTI is a cystitis, which affects the bladder, and is often characterized by symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, dysuria (painful urination), and pelvic pain.

UTIs can be classified into two main categories: uncomplicated and complicated. Uncomplicated UTIs are those that do not spread beyond the bladder and are typically treated with antibiotics. Complicated UTIs, on the other hand, involve infection of the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and may require more aggressive treatment, including hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.

Risk factors for UTIs include female anatomy, which makes it easier for bacteria to ascend the urethra, sexual activity, the use of certain contraceptives, and a weakened immune system. Pregnancy also increases the risk of UTIs due to hormonal changes and the close proximity of the bladder to the vagina.

Diagnosis of UTIs typically involves a urinalysis and urine culture to identify the presence of bacteria and determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be used to assess kidney function and detect any complications.

Prevention of UTIs includes maintaining good hygiene, emptying the bladder promptly after sexual activity, and drinking plenty of fluids to help flush out bacteria. In some cases, preventive antibiotics may be prescribed for individuals at high risk of recurrent UTIs.