UTI
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary system, usually bacterial. UTIs are classified as cystitis (bladder) or pyelonephritis (kidneys); asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteria in the urine without symptoms.
UTIs are more common in women. Risk factors include sexual activity, catheter use, diabetes, pregnancy, urinary
Most UTIs arise from gut bacteria that ascend the urethra. Escherichia coli accounts for the majority of
Symptoms depend on location. Cystitis typically causes dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, suprapubic discomfort, and sometimes
Diagnosis combines symptoms with urine testing. Urinalysis can show white blood cells and nitrites; urine culture
Treatment is usually with antibiotics. Uncomplicated cystitis often uses short courses (3 to 7 days); choices
Prevention emphasizes hydration, urinating after intercourse, and avoiding irritants. Postmenopausal women may benefit from vaginal estrogen;