Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the condition of carrying one or more developing embryos or fetuses within the uterus from conception to birth. In humans, it typically lasts about 40 weeks from the last menstrual period, or roughly 38 weeks from conception, and is divided into three trimesters. Conception occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg, which then implants in the uterine lining and begins to develop through organ formation and growth.

Prenatal care includes regular medical checkups, screening tests such as ultrasound and blood work, and guidance on nutrition, activity, and lifestyle. Adequate folic acid intake before and during early pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects. A balanced diet provides essential nutrients; certain foods and substances should be avoided, including alcohol and tobacco. Exercise is often encouraged, with adjustments for individual health conditions. Common early symptoms include nausea, fatigue, and breast tenderness, while fetal movements become noticeable in the second trimester.

Delivery marks the end of pregnancy and can occur through vaginal birth or cesarean section. The postpartum period involves physical recovery and adaptation to caring for a newborn, with many people initiating breastfeeding when possible. Potential complications during pregnancy include gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, infections, and preterm birth, which require medical monitoring and management. Most pregnancies progress without major issues and result in the birth of a healthy infant.