Tylenol

Tylenol is a brand name for acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic. It relieves mild to moderate pain such as headaches, muscle aches, toothache, and menstrual cramps, and it reduces fever. Compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen has minimal effects on inflammation and is often preferred for people who cannot take NSAIDs.

Acetaminophen was first synthesized in the 19th century and entered medical use in the mid-20th century. The Tylenol brand was introduced in 1955 by McNeil Laboratories as a non-aspirin option for fever and pain and is now marketed by Johnson & Johnson.

Mechanism: Acetaminophen is believed to act chiefly in the central nervous system, inhibiting a form of prostaglandin synthesis. Its anti-inflammatory action is weak or absent, unlike NSAIDs.

Safety: The principal risk is liver injury from overdose or prolonged high dosing, particularly with alcohol use or liver disease. It is a common cause of acute liver failure in some countries. Adults are typically advised not to exceed 4,000 mg per day, though guidelines vary and lower limits may apply for at-risk individuals. Because many combination products contain acetaminophen, accidental overdose can occur. In overdose, N-acetylcysteine is an effective antidote when given promptly.

Forms and availability: Tylenol is sold as tablets, capsules, chewables, and liquid formulations in varying strengths (commonly 325 mg or 500 mg per dose for adults). It is available in standalone products and in combination with other medicines, including cold and flu treatments and, in some cases, opioids.