Turtledove

Turtledove is the common name for several species of small to medium-sized doves in the genus Streptopelia, family Columbidae. The best known representative is the European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), a migratory species that breeds in Europe and western Asia and winters in Africa. Other turtle doves occur across Africa, the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia, and parts of Europe, often occupying open woodlands, farmland edges, and scrub.

Turtledoves are typically medium-sized pigeons with slender bodies, long tails, and soft, muted plumage in browns and grays. They are seed eaters, taking a variety of grains, seeds, and small fruits, with occasional insects. They are known for their quiet, steady cooing and relatively reserved behavior compared with some other pigeons.

Reproduction involves monogamous pairs. They build a small cup nest in shrubs or trees and lay one to two eggs per clutch. Both parents incubate the eggs for roughly two weeks, and the altricial chicks fledge after about two to three weeks. In suitable conditions, pairs may raise more than one brood in a season.

Conservation and status vary by species and region. Habitat loss, agricultural changes, and hunting pressure have contributed to declines in some turtle dove populations, particularly the European turtle dove, which is considered threatened in parts of its range. Other turtle doves remain widespread and common where habitats are available.