Tomistoma

Tomistoma, commonly referring to Tomistoma schlegelii, is a large crocodilian native to Southeast Asia. It is the sole living species in the genus Tomistoma and is commonly known as the false gharial because of its long, narrow snout, which resembles that of gharials.

Taxonomy and systematics: The genus has long been the subject of debate. Morphological features linked it with gharials (Gavialidae), but genetic analyses since the late 20th century have generally placed Tomistoma within Crocodylidae, as a close relative of true crocodiles.

Distribution and habitat: Tomistoma is found in freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia, including parts of Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula. It inhabits rivers, swamps, and lakes with slow to moderate currents, often in forested or vegetated areas along shorelines.

Ecology and life history: The species is largely solitary or seen in small groups. It is an apex predator with a diet that includes fish, amphibians, crustaceans, and occasionally small mammals. Reproduction occurs through nests built of vegetation or soil along riverbanks; clutch sizes commonly range around 20–40 eggs, with incubation lasting roughly 70–90 days. Hatchlings emerge and may receive brief parental protection before becoming independent.

Conservation: The IUCN lists Tomistoma schlegelii as Vulnerable due to habitat loss, water pollution, hunting, and capture for the private trade. Conservation efforts focus on protecting wetlands, restoring degraded habitats, and reducing hunting and bycatch, though pressures from development and pollution continue to threaten populations in parts of its range.