Tokenisma

Tokenisma refers to the practice of making only token efforts to include members of underrepresented groups in organizations, institutions, or public life, in order to give the appearance of inclusivity while maintaining existing power structures and decision-making. It is a term used in sociology, organizational studies, and political analysis to critique superficial diversity initiatives that do not address deeper inequalities or provide substantial authority.

Origin and usage: The concept emerged in mid-20th century social science, with scholars describing how a small number of minority individuals can symbolize representation without transforming underlying dynamics. The term is closely related to the English word tokenism; in some languages, tokenisma is used as a direct cognate or loanword to describe the same phenomenon.

Mechanisms: Tokenisma manifests through symbolic recruitment, the presence of a single or very few representatives on boards or committees, ceremonial appearances, and media portrayals that frame the group as present. In practice, real power, advancement opportunities, and decision-making access are often not expanded proportionally.

Effects and criticisms: Tokenisma can undermine trust and reinforce stereotypes, especially when individuals are spotlighted as symbols rather than representatives with genuine influence. It can also divert attention from structural reforms and create an illusion of progress without substantive change.

Alternatives: Effective diversity work emphasizes substantive inclusion, such as broader leadership representation, equitable allocation of resources, targeted development pipelines, transparent promotion criteria, and accountability for outcomes. See also related concepts like diversity management, representation, and inclusive governance.