tokenism

Tokenism is the practice or policy of making a symbolic effort to appear inclusive without addressing substantive equality. It involves placing members of a marginalized group into roles or on teams primarily to create the impression of diversity, rather than to empower them with real influence, resources, and decision-making power.

The term is used across contexts such as workplaces, politics, media, education, and public institutions. Common forms include appointing a single minority member to a committee to give the appearance of representation, enforcing quotas without accompanying authority, or performing diversity through publicity rather than systematic change. Token gestures may also align with performative acts that fail to address underlying barriers to participation or advancement.

Critics argue that tokenism can reinforce stereotypes by treating individuals as symbols rather than as full-fledged contributors. It can place undue pressure on the tokenized person, limit their scope of work, isolate them from peers, and undermine trust in diversity initiatives. Moreover, tokenism may divert attention from structural reforms by offering a quick fix that satisfies superficial expectations without altering power dynamics.

Supporters of broader inclusion contend that representation is a necessary, though insufficient, step toward lasting change. For tokenism to be avoided, organizations should pair representation with real authority, meaningful roles, and supportive policies. This includes clear accountability, transparent criteria for advancement, inclusive decision-making processes, mentoring, and measurable progress toward equity.

See also: diversity, inclusion, affirmative action, representation, performative activism.