Toiteplokid

Toiteplokid are modular electrical power supply units used to provide controlled power to electronic circuits and devices. The term is Estonian and translates roughly as power blocks or power supplies. They are commonly used on laboratory benches, in classrooms, and in electronics workshops. A typical toiteplokk includes a primary power input, a regulation stage, and multiple output connections such as banana jacks or screw terminals. Many models offer several independent outputs with adjustable voltage and current limits; common configurations provide +5 V, +12 V, and sometimes negative rails or programmable rails. Modern toiteplokid are usually switch-mode designs for improved efficiency and heat management, though linear supplies are still used for noise-sensitive applications.

Output safety and reliability are central features: outputs are isolated from the mains, and protection mechanisms such as overcurrent, short-circuit, and thermal protection, along with fuses or circuit breakers, are typical. Units may include meters or digital displays showing voltage and current per channel, soft-start features, and overvoltage protection.

Applications range from powering microcontroller projects, sensors, and test benches to driving laboratory experiments and industrial control panels. They are often used in education to teach electronics concepts and in prototyping environments to provide quick, replaceable power rails.

Design considerations include the number of channels, voltage and current ranges, regulation accuracy, ripple and noise, as well as size, heat dissipation, and compliance with safety standards such as IEC 61010-1 and EN 61326 for lab equipment. See also: power supply, bench power supply, regulated power supply.