Temulawak

Temulawak, scientifically known as Curcuma xanthorrhiza, is a perennial herb from the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). It is native to tropical Asia, especially Indonesia, where the rhizomes are widely used in traditional medicine and in jamu, a form of herbal drink. The plant produces yellow-orange rhizomes with a distinct aroma and a sharp, peppery flavor.

The rhizomes of temulawak are the part most commonly used. They are processed into powders, extracts, or tonic preparations and are incorporated into remedies intended to support digestion and liver function, among other uses in traditional practice. Temulawak is often marketed in combination with other herbs as a general health tonic.

Active constituents include xanthorrhizol, a major terpenoid compound with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, along with smaller amounts of curcuminoids such as curcumin. The composition differs from Curcuma longa (turmeric), which typically contains higher levels of curcuminoids.

Research on temulawak spans in vitro, animal, and limited human studies. Some investigations suggest anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects, but robust clinical evidence in humans is limited. As with many herbal remedies, quality, dosage, and preparation methods vary, which can influence safety and efficacy.

Safety and regulatory considerations are important. Traditional use generally appears well tolerated at common dosages, but high-dose or long-term use has not been extensively studied. Potential interactions with medications (for example, anticoagulants or antidiabetic drugs) and variability in product quality warrant cautious use. Temulawak should be used with care in pregnancy and lactation, and individuals should consult healthcare providers before beginning new herbal remedies.