xanthorrhiza

Xanthorrhiza is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. It contains a single species, Xanthorrhiza simplicissima, commonly known as yellowroot or shrub yellowroot. This perennial herb is native to the eastern United States, found in woodlands and forested areas. It is characterized by its bright yellow roots, which have been historically used for medicinal purposes by indigenous peoples.

Yellowroot is a low-growing plant, typically reaching heights of only 1 to 2 feet. It forms dense colonies through its rhizomatous root system. The leaves are compound, with three to five leaflets, and emerge in a basal arrangement. In spring, small, dark purple flowers appear on slender stalks, often before the leaves fully unfurl. These flowers are followed by small, berry-like fruits.

The plant's common name, yellowroot, refers to the vibrant yellow color of its rhizomes. This coloration is due to the presence of berberine, an alkaloid compound also found in other plants like barberry and goldenseal. Historically, indigenous tribes used decoctions of the root for a variety of ailments, including digestive issues, fevers, and as a tonic. Modern herbalists sometimes use it, though scientific evidence for its efficacy is limited. Xanthorrhiza simplicissima is valued for its ecological role in providing ground cover in its native habitat.