yellowroot

Yellowroot is a common name for several North American plants whose underground roots are yellow. The best-known examples are Xanthorhiza simplicissima, a small woodland perennial native to eastern North America, and Hydrastis canadensis, commonly called goldenseal, which also has a yellow rhizome.

Habitat and distribution: Xanthorhiza simplicissima grows in deciduous forests and along woodland edges, spreading by creeping rhizomes. Hydrastis canadensis is found in rich, moist woodlands of the eastern United States and southern Canada, typically in shaded forest understories. Both plants prefer moist, well-drained soils and part to full shade.

Description: The name yellowroot refers to the yellow color of the plant’s underground parts. Xanthorhiza is a low-growing plant with modest above-ground foliage and small flowers, while Hydrastis bears larger leaves and pale spring flowers. In both species, the roots are the most distinctive part, valued for their color and historical use.

Uses: In traditional herbal practice, yellowroot roots have been used as bitter tonics and remedies for digestive issues, skin conditions, and other ailments. They have also been used as a dyeing component in some crafts. Modern medical use is limited, and preparation and use are cautioned due to potential toxicity and interactions with other medicines.

Cultivation and conservation: Yellowroot species are cultivated in shade gardens and are best propagated by division of the rhizomes. They are relatively slow to establish. Collecting plants from the wild can impact populations, so cultivation or sourcing from reputable suppliers is recommended.