Syöpämarkkerit

Syöpämarkkerit, also known as tumor markers, are substances produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer. They are often found in the blood, urine, or other body fluids of individuals with cancer. While not all cancers produce detectable markers, and some markers can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions, they can be useful tools in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment response.

The detection of syöpämarkkerit involves laboratory tests that measure the levels of these specific substances. For example, PSA (prostate-specific antigen) is a marker used in the screening and management of prostate cancer, while CA-125 is often used for ovarian cancer. Other common markers include CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) for various gastrointestinal cancers and AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) for liver cancer and certain testicular cancers.

It is important to note that syöpämarkkerit are not definitive diagnostic tools on their own. A positive result does not automatically mean cancer is present, and a negative result does not rule it out. They are typically used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, such as imaging scans and biopsies, to provide a comprehensive picture. Doctors interpret the results in the context of a patient's overall health and medical history.

Syöpämarkkerit can also play a role in assessing the likely outcome of a cancer (prognosis) and in monitoring whether a treatment is working. A decrease in marker levels during treatment can indicate a positive response, while an increase might suggest the cancer is progressing or the treatment is ineffective. Regular monitoring of marker levels can help guide treatment adjustments. Research continues to identify new and more accurate syöpämarkkerit to improve cancer detection and management.