Doctors

Doctors are licensed medical professionals who diagnose, treat, and prevent illness and injury in individuals and communities. They work in a range of settings, including clinics, hospitals, private practices, and public health programs. Doctors may specialize in various fields or practice as generalists such as family physicians or internists.

Education and training typically begin with pre-medical studies, followed by a medical degree (such as MD or DO in many countries). After medical school, graduates complete residency training in a chosen specialty, and may pursue fellowships for further subspecialization. Licensure is required to practice and usually involves passing standardized examinations and meeting ongoing continuing education requirements. Certification by professional boards may also be pursued to demonstrate expertise in a specialty.

Practice scope includes clinical assessment, physical examination, laboratory and diagnostic testing, interpretation of results, prescribing medications, and performing procedures when needed. Doctors develop treatment plans, monitor progress, and coordinate care with other health professionals such as nurses, pharmacists, and specialists. They may provide preventive care, manage chronic diseases, offer counseling on lifestyle and public health, and participate in health education and research. Response to emergencies, surgical interventions, and palliative care are among the services that may be provided depending on the physician’s training and setting.

Ethical and professional responsibilities include maintaining patient confidentiality, obtaining informed consent, acting in the patient’s best interest, and practicing with honesty and integrity. The medical profession is governed by licensing bodies and professional associations that set standards, promote patient safety, and encourage lifelong learning.