Suolistosyöpä

Suolistosyöpä, also known as colorectal cancer, is a malignant tumor that develops in the large intestine, which includes the colon and the rectum. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, affecting both men and women. The development of suolistosyöpä typically begins with the formation of small, non-cancerous growths called polyps on the inner lining of the large intestine. Over time, some of these polyps can transform into cancerous cells.

The exact causes of suolistosyöpä are not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified. These include increasing age, a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain genetic syndromes. Lifestyle factors also play a significant role, such as a diet low in fiber and high in red and processed meats, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of suolistosyöpä can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. Early stages may be asymptomatic, which highlights the importance of screening. When symptoms do appear, they can include a persistent change in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, rectal bleeding, abdominal discomfort like cramps or pain, and unexplained weight loss. Fatigue and a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying can also occur.

Diagnosis typically involves a colonoscopy, a procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the entire colon and rectum. If polyps or suspicious areas are found, biopsies are taken for laboratory analysis. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. Regular screening, especially for individuals over the age of 50 or those with increased risk factors, is crucial for early detection and improving treatment outcomes.