Subshrubs

Subshrubs are perennial plants with a persistent, woody base from which herbaceous shoots emerge. They occupy an intermediate position between herbaceous perennials and shrubs, typically being shorter and having a woody crown rather than a fully woody stem from base to tip. In temperate climates, upper shoots often die back in winter while the base persists and resprouts in spring; in milder regions some or all growth may stay evergreen.

These plants exhibit a range of forms, from low mats to compact shrubs. Leaves are frequently small and drought-tolerant, and many subshrubs are adapted to dry or lean soils. They are common in Mediterranean and other drought-prone ecosystems, where the woody base can reduce water loss and enable rapid recovery after seasonal stress.

Subshrubs are not a formal taxon but a growth habit used by horticultural and ecological descriptions. They are distinguished from herbaceous perennials by their persistent woody base, and from shrubs by their shorter stature and proportionally larger herbaceous above-ground shoots or seasonal dieback.

In cultivation, subshrubs are valued for low maintenance, drought tolerance, and suitability for rock gardens, borders, or drought-tolerant landscapes. They typically require full sun, well-drained soil, and periodic pruning to maintain shape. Propagation is commonly by softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings, layering, or seeds for some species.

Examples commonly grown as subshrubs include thyme (Thymus), lavender (Lavandula), and Santolina.