lavender

Lavender is a group of flowering plants in the genus Lavandula, within the mint family Lamiaceae. Native to the Mediterranean region, lavender species are cultivated worldwide for their fragrant flowers, gray-green foliage, and compact, woody habit. The best known for essential oil production is Lavandula angustifolia, commonly called English lavender. Hybrid forms such as Lavandula x intermedia (lavandin) are popular for larger blooms and higher oil yield. Other species include Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) and Lavandula stoechas (Spanish or butterfly lavender).

Description and range: lavender plants are perennial shrubs with slender, aromatic leaves and flower spikes that range from purple to bluish hues. They typically bloom in summer in temperate climates. Growth is influenced by soil, watering, and sun exposure; well-drained soils and full sun are preferred.

Cultivation: lavender requires full sun and well-drained soil; it tolerates drought and poorer soils but dislikes heavy, waterlogged ground. It prefers neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Pruning after flowering helps maintain shape and vigor. Propagation is commonly done by semi-hardwood cuttings or layering. Some cultivars are more cold-tolerant or tolerant of humidity than others.

Uses: widely grown ornamentally in borders and rock gardens; dried flowers are used in sachets and potpourri. The essential oil, distilled from flowering tops, is used in perfumery, cosmetics, and flavorings in small amounts. Culinary lavender is possible but should be used sparingly due to its strong aroma.

Chemistry and safety: the essential oil is rich in linalool and linalyl acetate, with other constituents such as camphor and cineole in smaller amounts. Diluted oil can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals; ingestion or concentrated exposure should be approached with caution, and use around pets or during pregnancy should be discussed with a professional.