Stressihormoon

Stressihormoon, commonly known as a stress hormone, refers to a class of chemical substances produced by the body in response to stress or perceived threats. The most well-known stress hormone is cortisol, though others, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine, also play significant roles in the body’s stress response.

Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal glands, located atop the kidneys, and is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. When the brain perceives stress—whether physical, emotional, or psychological—it signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol into the bloodstream. This hormone helps mobilize energy by increasing blood sugar levels, suppressing non-essential functions like digestion and immune responses, and enhancing alertness and focus.

Adrenaline and norepinephrine, produced by the adrenal medulla, trigger the "fight-or-flight" response, accelerating heart rate, elevating blood pressure, and boosting energy availability for rapid action. While these responses are adaptive in short-term stressful situations, chronic stress can lead to prolonged elevation of stress hormones, which may contribute to health issues such as anxiety, insomnia, weakened immunity, and metabolic disorders.

Stress hormones also influence long-term physiological processes, including inflammation regulation, metabolism, and mood. Imbalances, such as excessively high cortisol levels, may be linked to conditions like depression, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Conversely, insufficient stress hormone production can impair stress resilience and energy levels.

Managing stress through lifestyle adjustments—such as exercise, mindfulness, and adequate sleep—can help regulate stress hormone levels and promote overall well-being. Medical or psychological interventions may be necessary in cases of chronic stress or hormonal imbalances.