Cortisol

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland, which plays a vital role in regulating the body's response to stress, inflammation, and other physiological processes. It is often referred to as the "stress hormone" due to its release in response to stress, fear, or anxiety.

Cortisol is released in a natural circadian rhythm, with levels typically peaking in the morning and decreasing at night. This cycle helps to regulate various physiological processes, including the body's metabolic rate, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. Cortisol also plays a role in the immune system, suppressing the activity of the immune system to prevent damage from inflammation.

When the body perceives stress, either physical or emotional, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol into the bloodstream. Cortisol has a wide range of effects on the body, including increasing blood sugar levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis, breaking down fat, and redistributing fat in the body to areas such as the abdomen.

Chronically elevated cortisol levels can have negative effects on the body, including weight gain, insomnia, mood disturbances, and a weakened immune system. Prolonged exposure to cortisol can also contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. While cortisol is essential for coping with short-term stress, chronically elevated levels can be detrimental to health and well-being.