Sphyraenidae

The Sphyraenidae, commonly known as barracudas, is a family of predatory ray-finned fishes comprising the genus Sphyraena. They inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide and are among the fastest and most elongated marine predators.

Physical characteristics include an elongated, laterally compressed body, a long jaw with razor-like teeth, a scaleless head, and a deeply forked caudal fin. Most species have two dorsal fins and a silvery or greenish body color, often with vertical bars or dark blotches on the flanks.

Distribution and habitat: Barracudas are widespread in warm seas, typically occupying coastal shelves, reefs, mangroves, and open pelagic waters. They are highly migratory and can range across continental margins in search of prey.

Ecology and behavior: Barracudas are ambush predators that rely on powerful bursts of speed to capture prey, which includes fish, squid, and occasionally crustaceans. They are often solitary but may hunt near schools of fish.

Reproduction and life history: Most species reproduce by spawning in open water, releasing free-swimming eggs and larvae. They reach sexual maturity after several years, and lifespans extend over multiple years, depending on species and conditions.

Human interactions: Barracudas are valued in commercial and sport fishing in many regions. Some barracuda meat can cause ciguatera poisoning in humans if consumed when contaminated with ciguatoxins; as a result, handling and preparation guidelines are important. Conservation status varies by species and region, with some populations affected by overfishing.

Taxonomy: The family Sphyraenidae contains a single genus, Sphyraena, with about 20 recognized species. The taxonomy and classification of barracudas has varied with advances in phylogenetics.