Spesialterminaler

Spesialterminaler (special terminals) are input/output devices designed to support specific tasks or environments rather than serve as general-purpose computers. They typically combine a display, input controls, and a communications interface with dedicated software or firmware tailored to a particular workflow, industry, or regulatory requirement. Because of their specialized function, they often prioritize reliability, speed, security, and ease of use in challenging environments.

Common examples include point-of-sale terminals used in retail, automated teller machines (ATMs), medical workstations and clinical displays, industrial control terminals, and public kiosks. In computing history, several terminals evolved from teletypewriters and CRT graphic terminals toward embedded, purpose-built devices with multi-touch screens, barcode scanners, or card readers. Some terminals rely on terminal-emulation to connect to a back-end computer, while others run self-contained software.

Key characteristics include ruggedized enclosures, a fixed or limited set of input modalities (keys, keypad, touchscreen, barcode scanner), real-time or deterministic operation, and tight integration with back-end systems. Security features are often emphasized, particularly for devices handling payment transactions or personal data, including secure PIN entry, encrypted communications, and tamper resistance. Connectivity may be serial, USB, Ethernet, or wireless, and many devices support remote management and software updates.

Because of their narrow scope, spesialterminaler can offer simplified interfaces, optimized performance, and long service lifetimes, but they may require specialized maintenance and vendor-specific software. They coexist with general-purpose workstations and are usually paired with back-end servers and middleware to deliver end-to-end workflows.