ATMs

An automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic banking outlet that lets customers perform financial transactions without a human teller. The most common use is cash withdrawal, but many ATMs also allow balance checks, transfers between accounts, and the payment of some bills. Some machines accept deposits or dispense foreign currency. Most ATMs require a bank or debit card and a personal identification number (PIN).

ATMs connect to a bank's computer systems over secure networks. A card reader reads the card data, the keypad accepts input, and a display provides instructions. The cash dispenser releases notes or, in newer models, checks and receipts. Many machines support digital wallets and contactless transactions.

First operational ATMs appeared in the 1960s; the first widely publicized machine was installed by Barclays Bank in London in 1967. Over the following decades, PIN-based security and interbank networks enabled broader deployment and added features such as deposits and multi-language interfaces.

Security features include encrypted communications, PIN verification, anti-skimming devices, cameras, and tamper-evident seals. Ongoing maintenance and software updates reduce fraud risk. Accessibility options such as audio guidance and large-print displays assist users with visual or motor impairments.

ATMs are ubiquitous in urban and rural areas, situated at bank branches, shopping centers, airports, and convenience stores. They may be on-premise or off-premise and often operate within interbank networks, allowing cardholders to use other institutions’ machines, usually for a fee.

Modern ATMs offer deposits and transfers; fees vary by institution and location, and some banks reimburse or waive charges for their customers.