Solumuovit

Solumuovit, or foam plastics, are lightweight plastics with a cellular structure created by introducing gas into a polymer system during production. They can be open-cell or closed-cell foams and are produced through foaming processes that generate bubbles within the polymer, or by expanding polymer beads.

Common types include polystyrene foams (EPS and XPS), polyurethane foams, and polyethylene foams. EPS is typically produced by bead foaming and is widely used for packaging and insulation, while XPS is produced by extruding a molten polymer with blowing agents to form a rigid, closed-cell foam. PU foams vary from flexible to rigid and are used in insulation, cushioning, seating, and automotive components. Other foam plastics, such as PVC foam, are used in packaging, flooring, and construction.

Key properties of solumuovit are their low density, good thermal and acoustic insulation, and high energy absorption, along with buoyancy in water. Their mechanical strength and fire performance depend on the material and cell structure. Environmental concerns include that many foams are non-biodegradable and persist in the environment, with recycling and disposal posing challenges. Recycling methods range from mechanical grinding and reprocessing (especially for EPS) to energy recovery and, for some foams, chemical recycling.

Applications are extensive: building insulation, packaging and protective cushioning, consumer and household goods, flotation devices, and automotive components. Regulation and handling focus on manufacturing safety (for example, exposure to blowing agents and reactive components) and ensuring appropriate end-of-life management to reduce environmental impact.