XPS

XPS is an acronym used for several distinct technologies and products, including X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, the XML Paper Specification, and Dell's XPS line of computers. Each usage belongs to a different field—science, document formats, and consumer electronics.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface‑sensitive analytical technique for determining the elemental composition and chemical states of materials’ surfaces. The sample is irradiated with X‑rays, causing photoelectrons to be emitted. By measuring their kinetic energy, the binding energies are inferred, revealing which elements are present and their chemical environments. XPS probes only the outermost nanometers of a surface and is typically performed under ultra‑high vacuum. Data are presented as spectra with peaks corresponding to elements and chemical states, enabling quantitative analysis and insights into corrosion, catalysis, semiconductors, and other materials applications.

XML Paper Specification (XPS) is a page description format developed by Microsoft for fixed‑layout documents. XPS files describe pages using XML and package resources in a ZIP‑like archive with the .xps extension. Intended as an open alternative to PDF, XPS aims to preserve layout across devices and applications. Support has varied by platform, with Windows providing native viewing and printing, while other ecosystems relied on third‑party tools.

Dell XPS is a line of premium laptops and desktops from Dell Technologies. Known for slim, sturdy designs and strong performance, XPS models typically feature high‑resolution displays, modern processors, and solid graphics options. The line includes models such as the XPS 13 and XPS 15, aimed at professionals, creators, and enthusiasts seeking portability and power.