Smování

Smování is a term used in several Central European crafts to describe the practice of applying a broad smear or layer of material to a surface to alter its appearance, texture, or protective qualities. The exact definition and usage of the word vary by region and tradition, but the common thread is deliberate smoothing or spreading of a viscous substance.

In practice, smování can involve materials such as clay slip, plaster with pigments, wax, glue mixtures, or oil-based paints. Techniques range from quick finger-smears that create soft, blended edges to controlled smears with a spatula or card, used to build texture or to seal a surface. The resulting finish may be matte or subtly glossy, depending on materials and application.

Applications span decorative arts, wall or panel finishes in folk architecture, pottery decoration, wood finishing, and textile work where dyes are applied in smeared layers. In some traditions, smování also has functional roles, such as sealing joints, protecting surfaces from humidity, or serving as a base for further painting or gilding.

Cultural significance varies by community. Smování is commonly transmitted through workshop apprenticeships, family workshops, or guild networks, and it may accompany particular motifs or seasonal practices. The technique often reflects local aesthetics, material availability, and historical contact with neighboring crafts.

Etymology: the term is rooted in regional lexicon where sm- elements refer to spreading or smoothing. See also plastering, smudge techniques, and traditional decorative finishes.