Slimdannelse

Slimdannelse refers to the production of slime by microorganisms, including bacteria, some fungi, and certain algae, which leads to the formation of a slimy, gelatinous layer on surfaces or within communities of cells. The term is commonly used in microbiology, phycology and related fields to describe the development of extracellular material that encases cells.

The slime is largely composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, with water as a major component. This EPS forms a hydrated gel that helps capture nutrients, retains moisture and creates a cohesive matrix for cells within a biofilm or slime layer.

Formation is influenced by several factors, including nutrient availability, moisture, surface properties and environmental stress. Microorganisms often sense their population density through quorum sensing and upregulate EPS production when attachment to a surface begins. The initial attachment is followed by the growth of cells within the slime, leading to a mature, structured biofilm or slime layer.

Slimdannelse serves multiple roles. In natural ecosystems, it aids adhesion to surfaces, protects cells from desiccation and antimicrobial agents, and supports the spatial organization of communities. In health and industry, slime-producing organisms are significant: dental plaque is a slime-rich biofilm on teeth; biofilms formed by slime layers can colonize medical implants and industrial equipment, contributing to infections and fouling.

Detection and management involve microscopy and assays to assess EPS and biofilm structure. Control strategies include mechanical cleaning, enzymatic degradation of EPS, surface modifications, and appropriate cleaning regimens. In dental hygiene, regular brushing and interdental cleaning help disrupt slime formation and biofilm maturation.