Skivebremser

Skivebremser, or disc brakes, are a braking system in which a brake caliper clamps pads onto a rotor (disc) attached to the wheel to slow or stop rotation. The friction between the pads and the rotor converts kinetic energy into heat, which is then dissipated through the rotor, caliper, and surrounding air.

Operation and design: Most modern disc brakes are actuated hydraulically, using fluid pressure to move the caliper pistons. Mechanical disc brakes use a cable or rod system. Rotors can be solid, ventilated, or cross‑drilled to improve heat dissipation. Calipers may be floating (sliding) or fixed, with varying numbers of pistons to increase clamping force and modulation.

Types and applications: Disc brakes are used on automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, and aircraft, among other vehicles. In bicycles, disc brakes are available in mechanical and hydraulic variants and use rotors of standard sizes with different mounting interfaces (for example, 6‑bolt or center‑lock). In cars and motorcycles, hydraulic systems dominate, often integrated with electronic safety features such as ABS.

Advantages and considerations: Disc brakes offer strong stopping power, better performance in wet or dirty conditions, and more consistent braking under high temperatures (less fade). They require more maintenance than drum brakes, and rotor wear, pad wear, and potential rotor warping can affect performance. Compatibility between rotors, calipers, and hubs is also a consideration in design and maintenance.