Shorttempered

Short-tempered is an adjective used to describe a person who becomes angry quickly or is prone to irritability under minor provocation. It implies a lower threshold for anger than in more even-tempered individuals. The term has variants, including short-tempered and short tempered; the hyphenated form is common in English. In usage, it often conveys a negative appraisal, though it can be descriptive rather than a diagnosis.

Causes and correlates of short-tempered behavior can include stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, chronic pain, or mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, or mood disorders. Substance use, including alcohol or stimulants, can contribute to irritability. Personality traits related to emotional regulation, impulsivity, or sensitivity to criticism may also play a role. Environmental factors and interpersonal dynamics, such as high-pressure settings or recurring conflicts, can exacerbate short-tempered responses.

Impacts of short-tempered behavior can be significant in relationships, workplace dynamics, and communication. Frequent outbursts may erode trust, reduce collaboration, and lead to social withdrawal. Some individuals develop defensive strategies or conceal anger to avoid consequences, which can affect credibility and long-term interactions.

Management and coping strategies focus on emotional regulation and behavioral change. Helpful approaches include recognizing early signs of upset, pausing before responding, practicing deep breathing or mindfulness, cognitive reframing, and problem-solving. Improving sleep, physical activity, and stress management can reduce irritability. In some cases, therapy or counseling can address underlying emotional or cognitive patterns, and in workplaces education about communication and boundaries can support healthier interactions.

See also: irritability, anger management, mood regulation, temperament.