Seksuaaltervise

Seksuaaltervise is the field of education and public health focused on sexual health, relationships and sexuality. In Estonia, seksuaaltervise is commonly integrated into school health education and public health programs. It aims to provide accurate information, develop practical skills, and shape attitudes that support safe, consensual, respectful and healthy sexual experiences across life stages.

Its content covers anatomy and puberty, consent and communication, contraception and pregnancy options, sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health services, as well as identities, orientations and gender diversity. It also includes online safety, media literacy and the rights and responsibilities connected with sexuality.

Delivery is usually age appropriate and sequenced through curricula, using interactive methods such as discussions, scenarios, role-play and peer learning. Skilled educators, healthcare professionals and youth workers collaborate with families and communities to create accessible, confidential and non-judgmental services.

The goals include reducing sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies, preventing coercive or violent behavior, and promoting autonomy, equality and well-being. By building communication skills and critical thinking, seksuaaltervise supports informed decision making and healthier relationships.

Evidence from evaluations indicates that comprehensive, skills-based programs are more effective than fear-based approaches. Programs that involve parents, are inclusive of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities, and align with local culture tend to achieve better engagement and outcomes.

Implementation faces challenges such as cultural or religious opposition, parental concerns, resource limitations, and the need for teacher training and consistent policy support. Ongoing monitoring and adaptation are necessary to address changing technologies, risks, and community needs.