Scathophagidae

Scathophagidae is a family of flies in the order Diptera, commonly known as dung flies. Members of this group are typically found in association with animal dung, decaying organic matter, and other nutrient-rich substrates, where many species’ larvae develop. Adults are often seen on sunny days on dung pats, flowers, or foliage, and they generally feed on nectar, pollen, or honeydew.

The family contains several genera, with Scathophaga being the best known. Species within Scathophagidae are relatively small to medium in size and frequently exhibit pale yellow to golden coloration, though body patterns and hues vary among species. Morphology tends to include clear wings, short antennae, and robust bodies adapted to their saprophagous lifestyle.

Ecology and life history: life cycles are typically holometabolous, with eggs laid on or near dung or other decomposing matter. The larval stage develops within the substrate, consuming organic material, after which they pupate and emerge as adults. Adults often feed on nectar or pollen and may play a role in pollination, while larvae contribute to nutrient recycling through dung decomposition. Some species occur in grasslands, pastures, and agricultural settings, where they can influence the dynamics of waste breakdown.

Distribution and conservation: Scathophagidae have a widespread presence across temperate regions of the world, including Europe, Asia, and the Americas, and they are most diverse in areas with abundant dung and decaying matter. They are not typically taxa of conservation concern and are considered ecologically valuable as decomposers and, in some cases, as subjects in ecological and evolutionary research, particularly regarding mating behavior and development.