Saguinus

Saguinus is a genus of small New World primates in the family Callitrichidae, commonly referred to as tamarins. They occupy tropical forests of northern South America, including parts of the Amazon basin and adjacent forest habitats.

The genus comprises several species, including the moustached tamarin (Saguinus mystax) and the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Members of Saguinus are generally small, with bodies about 20 to 28 cm in length and tails that are often as long as or longer than the body; coloration and markings vary among species.

They are diurnal and arboreal, living in social groups that typically include a breeding pair and multiple non-breeding helpers. These groups are often territorial and communicate through a variety of vocalizations, scent marking, and social grooming. Tamarins exhibit cooperative breeding, with non-breeding helpers assisting in the care of offspring.

Reproduction in Saguinus species commonly involves twins, and parental care is shared among the group members. This social system supports rapid early growth and the survival of twins, which are a common reproductive outcome in many tamarin species.

Diet is omnivorous, consisting mainly of fruits and insects, but also including nectar, pollen, and tree gum. The ability to forage for gum and other exudates is facilitated by specialized dentition and foraging behaviors characteristic of Callitrichids.

Conservation status varies by species, but habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation pose significant threats. Some species have restricted ranges and are prioritized in conservation programs, including habitat protection and captive breeding efforts.