Sadenozylometionina

Sadenozylometionina, commonly known as S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), is a high-energy sulfonium compound produced in the cytosol of cells from methionine and ATP by the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase. It functions as a universal methyl donor in cellular metabolism.

In the methylation cycle, SAMe transfers a methyl group to a variety of substrates, generating S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). SAH is then hydrolyzed to homocysteine and adenosine. Homocysteine can be remethylated to methionine or enter the transsulfuration pathway to cysteine, linking SAMe metabolism to folate and B vitamin status.

SAMe is present in all cells, with relatively high concentrations in the liver. It is produced endogenously and is also available as a dietary supplement in many countries, marketed for mood disorders and various liver and joint conditions.

Clinical evidence suggests potential benefits for depression, often as an adjunct to antidepressants, with small to moderate effect sizes in some trials. For osteoarthritis, some studies report pain relief and functional improvement, but results are inconsistent. Evidence for liver disease is mixed and not uniformly conclusive.

Safety is generally favorable for short-term use but can include gastrointestinal symptoms, dizziness, and headache. In bipolar disorder, SAMe may trigger manic or hypomanic episodes; interactions with antidepressants and other medications are possible. Caution is advised in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and quality control of supplements varies.

In many jurisdictions, sadenozylometionina is regulated as a dietary supplement rather than a drug, with no standardized dosing or labeling requirements. Consumers should consult healthcare providers before use, especially when taking other psychotropic or liver-affecting medications.